Cytokine-CpG Motif Oligodeoxynucleotide Co-Inoculation in BALB/c Mice Infected With Plasmodium berghei ANKA Strain
Barasa Mustafa, Ndeti Muia Cosmas, Wanjala Christine
Ludwin, Ingonga Mwihwa Johnstone, Osero Bernard, Sarah
Shinoko Muyonga, Wanyonyi Khakasa Mable, Frankline
Tireito, Drinold Mbete, Kokonya Apollo Donald, Ozwara
Suba Hastings, Zipporah Waithera Ng’ang’a, and Anjili
Omukhango Christopher
Research Paper I Published December,2015
Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research Vol.
1 (10), pp. 145-161
ABSTRACT
Approximately 198 million cases of malaria manifested
worldwide in 2013, causing 584,000 deaths, further
solidifying malaria’s status as a serious global health
predicament. A vast array of immunopotentiating molecules
like unmethylated CpG motif oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs)
operate in concert with cytokines in rendering hosts
resistant to parasitic infections. The CpG ODNs exert potent
immunostimulatory effects via nexus with dendritic cell
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) like TLR 9 and by activating
immune cells like B-cells and NK cells. Investigations were
performed to resolve the anti-malarial effects of cytokine-CpG
ODN co-inoculation in BALB/c mice infected with
Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Two BALB/c mice groups
were infected with virulent P. berghei ANKA strain
parasites, followed by five consecutive days of cytokine-CpG
ODN co-therapies. Six control groups with various regimen
were included. Parasitaemia, and clinico-haematological
outcomes accompanying the immunotherapies were quantified.
Cytokine-CpG ODN interventions elicited antimalarial
mechanisms involving lower peak parasitaemia, less dramatic
parasitaemia trends and overall suppression of parasitaemia.
Cytokine-CpG ODN co-administration also induced milder
symptomatic sequelae in which lethargy, appetite distortion,
convulsions and adverse clinico-haematological outcomes were
repressed with ramifications in the potential of cytokine-CpG-based
DNA therapy in counteracting malaria.
Key words:
P. berghei
ANKA, Parasitaemia, Malaria, BALB/c Mice, Cytokines, CpG
Motif ODN.
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