Hypertension – Induced Fibro-myocardial Damages in Rat Heart is Reversed by Cumulative Acute Treatment of Allium Sativum Extract Compared to Hydrochlorothiazide and Captoten

 

Munyikombo Makhacha, Mwaniki Dickson and Ng’wena-Magak Gideon

 

Full Length Research Paper I Published September, 2019

 

Journal of Medical and Biological Science Research Vol. 5 (2), pp. 16-29.

https://doi.org/10.36630/jmbsr_1902

 

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to its association with coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and renal disease. Fresh Allium sativum bulbs have been alleged to have a blood pressure-lowering effects. However, the exact mechanisms and long-term effects are not fully been understood. This study investigated the functional reversibility effects of cumulative acute treatment of A. sativum extract on blood pressure-induced fibro-myocardial damages in the hearts of male DOCA-salt model Wistar laboratory rats. A. Sativum was compared to two known antihypertensive drugs that are, Hydrochlorothiazide and Captoten. Cardiovascular parameters (Heart rate (HR) Systolic (SBP) and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were used as a measure of cardiac functionality over a period of 20 weeks. Sixty-four (n = 64) male DOCA-salt Wistar rats (250 to 300 g) and 36 weeks old were induced to hypertension. Doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of A. sativum were prepared as (Fresh aqueous garlic extract (FAGE-T1), crude garlic extract (CGE-T2) and crude industrial garlic extract (CIGE-T3), with similar doses of Hydrochlorothiazide, Captoten and administered intraperitoneally (IP) twice a day. Eleven (11) selected rats from all the groups were irreversibly anesthetized and their hearts were dissected for histological analysis. Histological findings showed that FAGE had reversal effects on the myocardial tissue and function post-hypertension as compared to T2, T3, Hydrochlorothiazide and Captoten groups. Conclusion: there is more insight towards current management of hypertension in an affordable manner through Complementary/Alternative Medicine.

Key words: Hypertension, Cerebrovascular, Fibro-myocardial, Histological, Hydrochlorothiazide and Captoten.

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